We do not recommend this. SSDs can use 8W (1.65A) while the best MicroUSB can push through the 5V pin is around 2.0-2.5A without a huge voltage drop.
Per the schematics, VCC_SYS is exposed as on the 40-pin J1 header on pin 2 and 4. You can directly power the board there with a sufficient gauge wire.